Comparison of software development methodologies?

I recommend you to read Martin Fowler's and Kent Beck. They have much interesting written.
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Agile is a flexible methodology in principle. The rest (XP, Scrum, Kanban) this is a methodology.
You are not forced to choose one and hard to follow, they flexible enough to be flexible. Can be successfully combined Kanban and HP. Can follow only some of the principles that suit you. As from the designer gain what suits you — and work.
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The only thing you should pay attention to is the development team. The team must be ready for it. If this is not methods will not save you. The farm is voluntary, and to make anyone fail.
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And you will get — it will only get worse.

I now learn the scrum
scrumtrek is there a good Agile checklist scrumtrek.ru/products/
And, you can listen to the podcast in unitology
\rrunetologia.podfm.ru/130/
Ideally, to find a team that uses the right methodology and stay with her for a month.

By kaky criteria they can be compared, in addition to the values, principles and practices?

According to the results! Can not and need!
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And they are, IMHO, not in the last turn depend on the specific conditions, regardless of the level of team/leader of a particular methodology

Seen several attempts to implement a specific methodology. And each time it was caused by the uncertainty of his superiors in itself and looked horrible.
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But when a confident boss doing that combine the principles of various methodologies in accordance with its experience, specific team and assigned tasks — almost always lead to success.
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Read what is there, but comes from experience.