Organization process development (version control, testing, updating on the server)

Learn the technology Continuos Integration!
Ant/Maven, SVN, Hudson, xUnit,...
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Essentially you need to automate building and deployment. This is solved in the listed set of technologies.
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I am afraid that if the projects are very simple, it will only slow down the development process, because in small projects instead of tests, code coverage and automation less time is given to manual testing. And there are things that cannot be tested for the sane time without manual intervention — coding, for example.
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Most of your task covers Ant because once writing a build script, you can use it in all subsequent projects. He is able to upload files via SSH/FTP, to run SQL on DBMS execute the console command (hence, it is possible to use phpUnit, or what you write?) — is the main problem.
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The test server is useful to keep in the Internet, because sometimes the customer needs to show the current state of Affairs. This can be done by connecting the server to a static IP, or buying it a separate hosting. Your server to keep overhead.
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Your SVN rises quickly, keep it on the Internet do not see the point at first.
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A further matter of technique — scrum and all that.
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Well, jobs is the most important thing! Each programmer by the Secretary, large tables, a dart coder komputer with a large monitor and Windows, programmers — desktops on Ubuntu. It's good to keep your server. Need a LAN, of course.

Complement the previous post. It is not bad to have a time-tracking and ticket systems like redmine. You need to give the ability to quickly register errors, it is desirable not only within the company but also the customers. Triggers in SVN can be configured to tied such as commits and requests for error correction.