What is a list of basic books on math?

At school I failed maths (maybe well taught, but I don't remember). While mathematics is very important. Happy programming, but are constantly faced with school problems: lack of knowledge of fundamental mathematical algorithms, geometry, no logarithms, etc. What books can you recommend to eliminate this gap? It is important to note that I'm a working man, and the amount of time for reading is limited (that is, any complete history of mathematics in 24 volumes is not suitable). It is desirable that the workbook was read, if possible, easy to have been written with interesting language and contained not only a dry formula, but the "human" explanation of what, why, and how, and what follows from this.